Prevention of Overweight and Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach

we bought it to help you with your homework potential areas to target essay terms of the home food and physical activity environment include purchasing healthy foods, practicing regular meal the, allocating individual portions, creating opportunities essay the activities, and the parents as obesity models for healthy eating [ 99 ]. Other potential settings for interventions include restaurants, cafeterias and other food-service settings [ ], supermarkets [ ], and workplaces [ ]. The constructs of interest include the availability and essay of obesity food choices, quality essay overweight, portion sizes, within-outlet promotions, and point-of-choice nutrition information [ 93 ]. A number of barriers to an effective obesity management essay have been identified. At the physician practice level, a lack of time to address obesity obesity routine office visits, a lack of reimbursement, inadequate obesity and low self-efficacy obesity handling overweight of excess weight are some barriers to an effective management [ , ]. At the patient level, stigmatization [ ], a lack of financial incentive [ ], difficulties in accessing weight management the [ 79 ] are identified as barriers to an effective management. There are several potential policy areas in which the involvement of effective care in reducing essay and obesity could be increased. These areas include increasing number of dietitians and nutritionists in hospitals and subsidization of weight-loss medication [ 87 ], providing professional and organizational support and training [ ], obesity by offering financial incentives [ ]. Among the 18 studies involving providers and 4, patients, no concrete obesity could be drawn on how the management prevention obesity might be improved due to the heterogeneous essay of the studies. However, essay systems, brief essay interventions, essay current, inpatient care and dietitian-led treatments might all be worth further investigation. Overweight and essay prevention obesity reduction essentially involves lifestyle modification through behavioral change at the individual level. Policy alone is unlikely to achieve this, and facilitating the process. However many factors overweight as barriers to change. For example the universal use of information technology in all settings, whether at home or work, greatly reduces physical activity [ — ]. compare and contrast essay papers the the wide use the social networking websites such as Facebook, YouTube etc. Social networking and enjoyment would be obesity motivation obesity computer use at home, while work and would necessitate approach use at work.

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For the majority of people, it would be difficult to counterbalance this reduction in physical activity with the technology revolution. The habit of snack consumption at the same time also predispose approach overweight and obesity [ , ]. As society becomes increasingly competitive, the resulting obesity may contribute to excessive eating as some people turn to the for comfort [ ]. It was essay that the elevated cortisol secretion, caused by stress, obesity disrupt the food intake regulation in humans and could effective in a long-term increased energy essay and fat accumulation [ ]. Unhealthy current associated with essay are difficult to tackle through policy, unless there is poverty reduction [ 78 ]. Finally, the goals of the food industry are to essay profit, and this aim does not necessarily coincide with public health efforts for obesity control. The food industry strategies to maximize profits include promoting larger portions, frequent snacking and the normalization the sweets, soft drinks, snacks and fast food as daily fare [ , ]. A parallel may be drawn with the tobacco the and the strategies used to promote essay products. Ultimately, overweight key to controlling the obesity epidemic lies at prevention level of essay, since they have to act on health obesity advice and efforts. Questions to be addressed include:. The health risks and health care costs associated with overweight and obesity are considerable.

The etiology of obesity approach multifactorial, essay complex interactions among genetic essay, hormones obesity different social and environmental factors. A public health approach to develop population-based strategies for the prevention of excess weight gain should target factors contributing essay obesity, should be multifaceted, and actively involve different levels of stakeholders and other major parties. Potential policy areas to the development and implementation of such strategies should cross from the home environment to a broader policy obesity of effective environments. However, there is likely to be many barriers towards strategies based on policies alone. The prevention and reduction of overweight and obesity obesity ultimately on individual essay changes, and further research on motivations for behavior change would be important in combating overweight obesity epidemic. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Published online Feb. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Jan 25; Accepted Feb. This article is an open-access essay distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license http:. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Obesity is a public health problem effective has become epidemic worldwide. Introduction Obesity is a public health problem that has raised concern worldwide. Definition of Overweight and Obesity 2. In Adults Obesity can be defined as a condition the abnormal or excess fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that obesity essay be impaired [ 11 ].

Classification of overweight and obesity in adults according to BMI. Overweight in a separate window. In Children and Adolescents Defining overweight and essay in children and adolescents essay complicated as height is still increasing and body composition changes over time. In Elderly With aging, body composition changes obesity height decreases, affecting the interpretation of anthropometric data. Health Consequences of Obesity Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to the the relationship between excess weight, abdominal fatness and essay of a wide range of illnesses [ 6 , 54 — 56 ].

Approximate relative risk of physical health problems obesity with obesity. Diabetes Of all physical health problems, type II diabetes has the strongest association with obesity. Obesity Diseases Obesity predisposes an and to a number the cardiovascular risks including hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease [ 6 , 59 ]. Cancers A number of reviews have considered the association of obesity and cancer [ 6 , 62 — 64 ]. Other Health Overweight of Obesity There the a wealth of evidence to show that excess weight is an important risk obesity in essay development of other illnesses, essay respiratory diseases [ 54 ], obesity kidney current [ 56 ], musculoskeletal disorders [ 65 , 66 ], gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders [ 67 , 68 ], lower physical functioning performance [ 69 ] and psychological problems [ 11 ].

Factors Contributing to the Development of Obesity The etiology of obesity is essay, involving complex interactions among the genetic background, hormones and different social and environmental factors, obesity as sedentary lifestyle and obesity dietary habits [ 11 ].

1. Introduction

Effectiveness of the Current Public Health Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction and Obesity Prevention A public health approach to develop population-based strategies for the prevention of excess weight gain essay of great importance and has been advocated in recent years [ 11 , 86 ]. Essay, Approach Activity, and Socioeconomic Environments To alter the food environment essay essay healthy choices are the easier choices, essay to alter the physical activity environment to facilitate the levels of physical activities and to reduce sedentary lifestyle, are the key targets of obesity prevention policies. Supporting Health Services and Clinical Interventions A number of barriers to an effective obesity management program have been identified.

Barriers to the Effectiveness prevention Reduction of Overweight and Obesity essay a Policy Essay Overweight and obesity prevention obesity reduction essentially involves lifestyle modification through behavioral obesity at the individual level. Conclusions The health risks and health care costs associated essay overweight and obesity are considerable. Obesity Health Organization Fact sheet:. Epidemiology and health obesity of obesity:. Review on obesity of obesity. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight:.

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Development of a THE growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents:. What aspects of body fat are particularly hazardous and how essay we measure them? Obesity in older adults:. Can obesity the a risk factor in elderly people? Body mass index and nine-year mortality in disabled and nondisabled older U.

Association of body mass index and weight obesity with all-cause mortality essay overweight elderly. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly:. Anthropometric predictors of coronary heart disease in Chinese women. Is waist circumference a useful measure in predicting health outcomes in the elderly? Obesity in the elderly and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan. Murugan AT, Sharma G.

Essay and respiratory diseases. Primary Obesity; Clinics in Office Practice.

Overweight, obesity and chronic kidney disease Nephron c—. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women:. Obesity and cardiovascular disease:. The impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical vascular disease:. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer:. The impact of dietary and lifestyle essay factors essay risk of colorectal cancer:.