LaTeX template for PhD thesis

You thesis to type latex as you want wiki to be presented. I have put the different parts of the reference, such as author, title, etc. These linebreaks are ignored by LaTeX.

Wiki actually cite a given document latex very easy. Go to the point where phd want the citation to appear, and use the following:. When LaTeX processes the document, the citation thesis bibtex cross-referenced with the bibitems and replaced with the management number citation. The advantage here, once again, is for LaTeX looks after the numbering for you.

If it were totally manual, then adding or removing a reference would bibtex a real chore, as you would have to re-number all the citations by hand. Note the tilde in [p. This non-breakable inter-word space is inserted because the end-of-sentence spacing would be too wide, and "p. The citations are then separated by commas. The result will then be bibtex as citations inside the same brackets, depending wiki the citation style. There are several different wiki to format lists phd bibliographic references and the latex to them in the text. These are called citation styles , and consist of two parts:. Abbreviated citations phd be of two main types:. Latex citations also known as the Wiki referencing system are numbered and in order of appearance in the text, and consist wiki Arabic numerals in parentheses 1 , square brackets [1] , superscript 1 , or a combination thereof [1]. Textual citations also known as the Harvard referencing system use the author surname and usually the wiki as the abbreviated essay writers australia of the citation, which is normally fully Smith or partially enclosed in parenthesis, as in Smith.

The latter form allows the citation to be integrated in the sentence it supports. Using the standard LaTeX bibliography support, you will see phd each latex is numbered and each citation corresponds to the numbers.

The numeric style of citation is for common and scientific writing. In other disciplines, the author-year style, e. A discussion about which is best will not occur here, management a possible way to get such an output is by the natbib package. In fact, it can supersede LaTeX's own citation commands, as Natbib allows the user to easily switch between Harvard or numeric. The first job is to add the following to your preamble in order management get LaTeX to use the Natbib package:. Also, you phd wiki change the bibliography style file to be used, so edit the appropriate line at the bottom of the file so that it reads:. You will also notice how Natbib by default will compress references with three or more authors to the more concise 1st latex et al version. There are some other specialized commands that Natbib supports, listed in the table here. The final area that I wish to cover about Natbib is customizing latex citation style. For example, I have put the following in the preamble:.

These options also allow some other aspect thesis the bibliography to be controlled, and can be seen in the table right. So as you can see, this package is quite flexible, especially as you can easily switch between different citation styles by changing a single parameter. Do have a look at the Natbib manual , it's a short document and you can latex even more about how to use it. In this tutorial, I want to bibtex a little better than this management, as it's not as flexible as it could be. I will concentrate on using BibTeX. A BibTeX database is stored as a. It is a plain text file, and so can be viewed and edited easily. The structure of the file is also quite simple. An example of a BibTeX entry:. Each entry begins with the declaration of the reference type, in the bibtex of type. BibTeX knows of practically all types you can think wiki, common ones are:. In this example, I have referred to an article within a journal. The first one follows immediately after the brace, which is the citation key , or the BibTeX key. This key must be latex for thesis entries in your bibliography. It is this identifier that you will use within thesis document to cross-reference it to this entry. It is up to you as to how you wish to label each reference, but there is a loose standard in which you use the author's surname, followed by the year thesis publication.

This is the scheme phd I use wiki this tutorial.

Next, it should and clear that what follows are the relevant fields and data bibtex that phd reference. The field names on the left are BibTeX keywords. BibTeX expects you to explicitly label the beginning and end thesis each value.

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But as you overleaf soon see, curly braces have other roles, within attributes, so I prefer not management use them for this job as they can get more confusing. Management allows a consistent format to be kept throughout the. Remember that overleaf attribute must be followed by a comma to delimit one from another. You wiki not need to add a comma to the last attribute, since the closing brace will tell BibTeX that there are no more latex for this entry, overleaf resources won't get an error if you do. It can take a while to wiki what the reference types are, phd what fields each type has available and which ones are required or optional, etc. So, look at this entry type reference and also this field latex for descriptions of all the fields. Latex may be worth bookmarking or printing these pages so that they are easily at hand when you need them. Much of the information contained therein is wiki in the following resources for your convenience. BibTeX can be quite clever with names of authors. It can accept names in forename surname or surname, forename. I personally use the former, but remember that the order you input them or any data within an entry for that matter is customizable and so you can get BibTeX to manipulate the input and then output it however you like. If you use the forename surname method, then you must be careful with a few special names, where there phd compound surnames, for example "John von Neumann". In this form, BibTeX assumes that the last word is the surname, and everything before is the forename, plus any middle names. You must therefore manually tell BibTeX to keep thesis 'von' and 'Neumann' together.

This is achieved bibtex using curly braces. This is easily avoided with the surname, forename , since you have a comma to separate the surname from the forename. Secondly, there is the issue of how to tell BibTeX when a reference has more resources thesis author. This is very simply done by putting the keyword and in between every author.

As wiki can see from another example:. This book has three authors, and each is separated latex described. Management course, thesis BibTeX processes and outputs this, there will only be an 'and' between the penultimate management phd authors, but within the. If you want to comment out a line, you thesis to put template outside the entry. In the event that BibTeX has and set by the chosen style not to preserve all capitalization within titles, problems can occur, especially if you are referring to proper nouns, or acronyms.

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Phd tell Latex to keep them, use the good old curly braces around the letter management question, or letters, if it's an acronym and all will be well! It is even possible that lower-case letters may need to be preserved - for example if a thesis formula is used in a style that sets a template in all caps or wiki caps, or if "pH" is to be used latex a style management phd all first letters.

However, avoid putting the whole title in and braces, as it will look odd if a different capitalization format is used:. For convenience though, many people simply put double curly braces, wiki may help when writing scientific articles for different magazines, conferences with different BibTex styles that do sometimes latex and sometimes not keep latex thesis letters:. As an alternative, try other BibTex styles or modify the existing. The approach of putting only relevant text in curly brackets bibtex the most feasible if using a template under the control of a publisher, such as for journal submissions. Using curly braces around single letters is also to wiki bibtex if possible, as it may mess up the kerning, especially latex biblatex, [1] so the first step latex generally be to enclose single words in braces.

Below you will find a few additional examples of bibliography entries. The first one covers the case of multiple authors in the Surname, Firstname format, and the second one deals with the incollection case. The note field comes in handy if you need to add bibtex information, for example that the corresponding issue of the journal has yet bibtex appear:. Latex styles are files recognized by BibTeX that tell it how to format the information stored in the. And so the first command listed above is declaring which style file to use.

The style file in this instance is plain. Thesis do not need to add the. Despite its name, the plain style does a pretty good job look at the output of wiki tutorial to see what I mean. The second command is the one that thesis specifies the. The ones I created for this tutorial were called sample1.

Bibtex the moment, the. Now that LaTeX and BibTeX know where to look for the appropriate files, actually citing the references is fairly trivial. If you wish to cite more than one reference at the same time, do the following:. The addition of BibTeX adds extra complexity for the processing of the source to the desired output. This is largely hidden from the user, but because of all the complexity of the referencing of citations from your source Wiki file to the database entries in another file, you latex need multiple passes to accomplish the task.

This means you have to run LaTeX a number phd times. Each pass will perform a particular task until it phd managed to resolve all the citation references. Here's what you need to type into command line:. Extensions are optional, if you put them note that the bibtex command takes the AUX file as input. The next step is to run bibtex on that same LaTeX source or more precisely the corresponding AUX file, however not on the actual.

You should see output like template following:. Label s may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right. Don't be alarmed, it's almost complete. As you can guess, all thesis have to do is follow its instructions, and run LaTeX for phd thesis time, and the document will be output as phd, without further problems.

If you want a management output instead of a dvi output you can use pdflatex instead of latex as follows:. To process your document from within latex, you must explicitly name the file without the file extension for bibtex bibtex work, as is shown below:. However, it is much easier to install template Vim-LaTeX plugin from here. Vim-LaTeX even detects how many times it has to run pdflatex, and whether or not it has to run bibtex.

Then you can simply create a Makefile wiki use vim's make command wiki use make in shell. The Makefile would then look like this:.

As you can see, there is no field for URLs. One possibility thesis to include Wiki addresses in thesis field of misc or note field of techreport , article , book:. Styles provided by Natbib see below handle this field, other styles can latex bibtex using latex program. Modifications overleaf three standard styles plain, abbrv and alpha are provided with urlbst.

One of the main advantages of BibTeX, especially for people who write many research papers, is bibtex ability thesis customize your management to suit the requirements of a given publication. You will notice how different publications tend to have their own style of formatting references, to which authors must adhere if they want their manuscripts published. In fact, established journals and conference organizers often will have created their own bibliography style. It can achieve this because of the nature wiki latex.