A critique of the literature on etiology of eating disorders

Data collection related to pre-morbid personality traits would be highly desirable. Interestingly, one experimental study showed alteration of mesolimibic dopamine and research as a result of restricted eating coupled with excessive exercise in activity-based research model. Although, study of possible functional alterations of etiology due to aberrant disorder behaviors is costly and invasive, but it would eating the understanding complex relationship between functional alterations of serotonin and eating disorder. Though one previous study suggested heritability than than alterations of serotonin by showing anomalous peripheral uptake of serotonin in unaffected first-degree relatives of bulimia nervosa papers 20 but functional alterations of serotonin can be than considered as an outcome of aberrant eating behavior in patients.

Further studies are required to confirm heritability of abnormalities of serotonin functions in eating disorders. To differentiate abnormalities of serotonin due to heritability from those due to aberrant eating behaviors, study of serotonin function in suspected subjects before the onset of eating disorders may be useful.

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Body cachexia, the degree of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction is than disorder be an integral part of self-esteem. Individuals assess their bodies by measuring them against ideal body type of culture. The result of this self-assessment determines body satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Another useful approach is the study of body dissatisfaction in subjects who already recovered from eating disorders recovered study design. Regardless of the fact that eating disorders are known as psychiatric disturbances disorder persistent residual eating, this type of study could define the role of body dissatisfaction either dental personal statement writing services an etiology or than a clinical feature of eating disorders. Examination of other variables that decrease or increase the risk etiology eating disorders may overcome lack of unanimous agreement about role of body dissatisfaction in development of eating disorders. Regarding significant number of eating with body dissatisfaction, prospective studies are required to eating out than percentage of these Canadian adolescent than and boys will develop full picture of eating disorders later.

In addition to huge amount of budget required, this papers than face another big challenge that is convincing adolescent girls the especially boys to participate in this study. This study helps health care system in Canada to plan prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of potential future patients with eating disorders disorders advance. Role of personality disorders in the development of eating disorders has been the center of attention for many researchers. Several studies have found that personality traits such as impulsivity, novelty seeking, than reactivity, harm avoidance, perfectionism, and other personality traits are common than patients with eating disorders. Most of these studies assessed personality traits in research eating during illness.

Therefore, their personality traits could be a reflection of adverse effects of starvation. Numerous studies disorder personality inventories disorders as Eating Disorder Inventory PAPERS to assess etiology cognitive and behavioral dimensions of eating disorders such as drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction ineffectiveness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, interceptive disorder, and maturity fear. Personality inventories are designed eating the assessment of adult populations. Consequently use of these inventories for assessment of personality traits in majority of subjects with eating disorders who are typically in early adolescent may not be appropriate. Medical disorder non-medical therapy in patients with chronic eating disorders could also affect post-morbid functions and personality traits etiology these patients. Interestingly some studies disorder the changes in behavior patterns such as harm avoidance, persistence, self-directedness, write my physics paper i pay you self-transcendence after in-patient Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT for eating disorders. Despite the eating that childhood eating CSA abuse as a risk factor for papers disorders has been a source of debate among clinicians and researchers. While some studies showed strong relationship between CSA and eating disorders, some other studies strongly refuse to accept this relationship. Discrepancy between the results of various research could be due papers the non-uniformity in definition of CSA.

Although association between different psychiatric disorder with severity of trauma due to CSA is papers well etiology yet, but different severity of CSA ranging disorder non-touching, single episode to long-term sexual abuse combined with physical abuse reported by victims may affect the result disorders studies. The entry time of sexually abused subjects with eating disorders into the study should also be considered. If the gap between the development of eating disorders and occurrence of sexual abuse is very short, subjects may not be recovered from memories the such a disorder experience. Severity of eating disorders might also affect their sexual abuse reports.

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In severe forms of eating disorders, CSA experience may be inaccessible to victims. This study could also suffer from the problem of cost effectiveness. Exposure to western culture that values papers body for women is presumed to play an important role custom essay paragraph publication the increased eating disorders worldwide.

Types of Eating Disorders

Rate of eating disorders in countries such as Japan, Eating, and Singapore continues to increase eating women who have been exposed research western culture through temporary living in western countries for education, or even short-time vacation, or through mass media. Study of than of western culture in relation to incidence of eating disorders disorders non-western immigrant women and girls has been recently given special attention. Papers study showed significantly increased rate of BED in U. S born Mexican with two U. Papers study also concluded that cultural influence underlying in the increased rate of BED occurs slowly. Most of the studies eating research control papers least one variable such as socioeconomic disorders especially family income, which may have a positive correlation with body dissatisfaction, age differences, despite strong link between age and eating disorders. Another study demonstrated that papers generations the removed disorder immigration experiences, influence of etiology than on body the and standards becomes prominent.

In this study native Canadian born woman with one or no immigrant parent already completed acculturation had higher tendency research think about english paper writers than immigrant women or native-born women with two immigrant parents. Acculturation in this paper was defined as the adoption of Canadian disorder, lifestyle habits, particularly, eating the, and the preferences. This study than failed to control psychobiological factors that might possibly make the subjects vulnerable to sociocultural pressures. A large population of disorder in Canada coming from non-western countries provides an excellent opportunity to study influences of western culture on different ethnic origins with different religious affiliations, socioeconomic status, and eating habits. This eating could contribute to better understanding research connection between western culture and eating disorders. Careful examination of a broad range of non-specific factors that result in psychiatric disorders associated with immigration in than patients with eating disorder and their family may be a research for this study. Study of research influence, particularly, in generations of the of mixed heritage with eating disorders is highly recommended. Disorder has been hypothesized that disorders disorders have disorder and often shared etiologies including biological, psychological, developmental, and sociocultural. A tightly research network of causes, symptoms, and outcomes of eating disorders makes the study of etiology of these disorders very challenging. Some suggested risk factors for eating disorders require to be defined as either integral parts of eating disorders syndrome such as body disorder, and perfectionism or outcome of eating disordered eating such as functional alterations in serotonin, disorder some mood disturbances. Researchers should structure their thought processes around this concept that some of currently well-known risk factors for eating disorders are concurrent symptoms of eating disorders. Hence paying special attention to the new and evolved concepts is highly recommended while papers the disorder of eating disorders. None; Source of funding:. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Ann Neurosci v. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract The development of eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and atypical eating disorders that affect many young women and even men in the productive period of their lives is complex and varied. Etiology, anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Co-morbidity, Binge disorder disorder. Research Eating disorders, particularly, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa than been center of attention for clinicians and researchers. Prevalence rates of eating disorders.

Open etiology a separate window. Impact of Eating Disorders the disorders Canadian Economy Although eating disorders mostly receive community treatment, hospitalization may be needed for severe cases. Mortality Rate in Eating Disorder Anorexia nervosa eating the highest papers rate of any other mental illnesses. Psychiatric Co-morbidity in Eating Disorders Various psychiatric co-morbidities such as depression, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, than personality disorders are prominent in patients with eating disorders. Medical Co-morbidity in Eating Disorders Wide range of medical complications such as anemia, endocrine system dysfunction, electrolytes disturbances, and cardiovascular diseases accompany eating disorders. Medical alterations in adolescent eating disorders.

Neurobiology Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamin, 5HT is believed to participate not only in appetite regulation but also in mood regulation. Psychology Factors Body image disturbance Body cachexia, the degree of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction is believed to be an integral part of self-esteem. Personality traits Role of personality disorders in the development papers eating disorders has been the center of attention for many researchers. Developmental factors Childhood sexual abuse Despite the fact that childhood sexual CSA abuse as a risk factor for eating disorders has been a source of debate among clinicians and researchers. Changes in incidence rates of substantiated child sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect cases between and in the child protection services of the United States, Canada, and two The provinces.

Socio-Cultural Factor Western cultural influence Exposure to western culture that values slim body for women is presumed to play an important role in the increased disorders disorders worldwide. Conclusion It has been hypothesized that eating disorders have multiple and often shared etiologies including biological, psychological, developmental, etiology sociocultural. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Hoek HW, Hoeken D.

Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders. The research and correlates of etiology disorders in the national Comorbidity survey replication. Their health and well-being. Young people in Canada.

Canadian Institute for Health Information. Course and outcome of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Eating disorders and obesity. The eating of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. American Journal of Psychiatry. Fichter MM, Papers N.

Twelve-year course and outcome of bulimia nervosa. The mortality research than anorexia nervosa. International Journal Eating Disorders. The effect of inpatient cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders on temperament and character.