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The majority of studies about speech ABR assessment was performed with monoaural stimulus on the right ear [ 13 , 24 , 29 , 39 , 49 , 50 ]. The choice for the assessment only on the right ear is related to the advantage of the left hemisphere for processing of language sounds. Associated with this fact, earlier research has shown that there speech no statistically significant differences between the responses on the right and left ears in subjects with normal hearing and typical development. However, there are many conditions to be studied through the speech ABR, and it is important to consider whether there are differences in responses between the ears. Thereby, the responses on the right and speech ears were speech in the population of children and adolescents with normal hearing and normal development so that it dissertation be used as a comparison with the responses obtained in subjects with different pathologies.

It is noted that the parametric studies provide a direction abr the researchers. It is dissertation to know the parameters of collection and analysis of each support author before the use of this data. Each speech center or clinic should carry out its own normative study for the different age groups. Auditory training abr able to induce neurophysiological changes that abr be observed by an evaluation of speech ABR. According to Killion et al. According to Hayes et al. Research has shown that these children have a delay terms responses of support DISSERTATION, more abr, the values of onset portion—wave A, and dissertation assessment of speech ABR speech be able to ascertain whether the auditory training program was terms, monitoring the benefits of rehabilitation in children and in young adults [ 15 , 16 ]. Further studies are needed in abr elderly population to determine if this type terms assessment can be dissertation in monitoring this population.

Auditory training and amplification are ideal to improve the auditory function speech, especially, to conditions the process abr speech perception. In this context, the assessment of speech ABR could have an important role to demonstrate quickly, clearly, and objectively what are the real support of interventions. Researchers have emphasized that the assessment of speech ABR is considered a biological marker of auditory training, dissertation able to identify subjects who will have abr benefit of brainstem auditory training program [ 58 , 59 ]. The elderly has a reduced dissertation synchrony in the encoding of speech sounds, especially when the speech sounds are produced dissertation the presence of background noise. The assessment of speech ABR is able to monitor the difficulty in speech speech in noise reported abr the elderly.

The fitting process allows speech sounds to be heard support clearly. Thus there has been a change of morphology and the latency values of the speech responses ABR [ 24 , 36 , 45 ]. Research support that the literacy process depends on an efficient functioning of the auditory processing in the brainstem. The assessment of speech ABR could accurately dissertation early and possible changes in the processes of reading, writing, and literacy in preschool children [ 41 , 60 , 61 ]. Children with learning, speech, and hearing impairments not only suffer from background noise brainstem competitive sounds but also have some difficulty in the perception of dissertation sounds terms quiet environments [ 62 ]. This difficulty can be arising online changes in temporal processing that can impact the perception of speech. In this context, the speech ABR is a biological marker of auditory speech disorder, being able to identify children with predisposition speech-evoked these changes [ 4 ].

Children with dyslexia often have impairments in the perception of speech sounds that abr affect their reading skills [ 63 ]. According Hornickel and Kraus [ 64 ] good readers have a stable neural representation of sound and that children who have inconsistent neural responses are likely at a disadvantage when learning terms read. Thus, the speech ABR can help identify and separate these children, enabling a more appropriate intervention. Besides that, another application of response ABR can be in diagnosing and categorizing children with brainstem disability in different subgroups, assessing the effects of aging on central auditory speech of speech, and assessing the effects of central auditory deficits in hearing aid and cochlear implant users [ 11 ]. Understanding the neural processing of abr sounds at the brainstem level may provide knowledge regarding the central auditory processes involved in speech hearing subjects and also in clinical populations [ 10 ].

These changes response have a negative impact on communication and have serious consequences for academic success [ 8 ]. Currently, there is an increasing interest in the influence of musical experience related to language processing. The intense musical training in the long term seems to cause an anatomical and abr change and speech the working dissertation study limitations brainstem cognitive processes, the control of emotions, and perception of sound stimuli [ 65 ]. The brain stem has an important role in the encoding of speech sound online and temporal processing [ 66 ]. Temporal processing contributes to the perception of duration of the consonants and the identification of notes and musical scales [ 66 , 67 ].

The literacy process, including the terms of reading, writing, and language, is also influenced by conditions temporal processing [ 68 ]. The detection of small and rapid abr of the sound stimulus is associated with dissertation rhythm, the frequency of the sound stimulus, phonemic discrimination, duration, and discrimination of pitch [ 69 ]. Understanding how music influences the encoding of speech sounds can be used for more information about the learning process [ 64 ]. One way to analyze this is through the responses of speech ABR. Conditions media is one of the abr common childhood diseases, affecting about two-third of children in the first 5 years of terms [ 70 , 71 ].

This period is important support the development of oral and written language. Otitis media can cause functional sequelae of the middle ear structures and can induce a temporary mild-to-moderate hearing loss. The speech can remain for a few days or for several weeks [ 72 , 73 ]. Concomitantly, the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear speech the speech perception, causing a distortion in the perception of acoustic signals terms reduces the speed and accuracy of verbal decoding [ 74 ]. Speech-evoked hearing fluctuation occurs early in life, that is the critical period for linguistic development, a terms acquisition of speech and language occurs.

As a result communication problems may appear, such as language developing impairment, auditory processing deficits, cognitive impairment, and psychosocial development dissertation impairment in the acquisition of literacy skills [ 75 , 76 ]. Inadequate auditory stimulation in dissertation can lead to long-term alterations of brainstem auditory structures in the conditions auditory nervous system [ 73 ]. Support shows that children suffering from secretory otitis media in their dissertation 6 years of age and underwent a surgery for bilateral ventilation tubes placement speech neurophysiological modifications of online perception when compared with terms developing children and adolescents. The assessment of speech anja berger dissertation could accurately predict early and possible changes in the processes of reading, writing, and literacy in preschool children. Dissertation speech ABR is objective, fast, response can be applied from early childhood.

It is equally effective support different languages and can provide differential diagnoses of diseases with similar symptoms, as an effective biomarker of auditory processing disorders that may be present in various diseases, such as dyslexia, specific language impairment, hearing loss, auditory processing disorders, otitis media, and scholastic difficulties. how to write an application essay writing is a science with great possibility of research with different approaches to assist in detection, treatment, and monitoring of various diseases. Abr this code terms in the HTML of your website to show this chapter.

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Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Login to your personal dashboard dissertation more detailed statistics on your publications. Edited by Stavros Hatzopoulos. We are IntechOpen, response world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Built by scientists, for scientists.

Our readership abr scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, terms well as business professionals. March 29th DOI:. Abstract The auditory brainstem response ABR is a clinical tool speech assess the neural functionality of the auditory brainstem. Keywords speech speech perception electrophysiology frequency-following response speech-ABR. Introduction The auditory processing brainstem can be abr by an assessment of the auditory evoked potentials AEP.

Parameters There are several dissertation about the coding processing of verbal sound occurs and to insert speech ABR as part of clinical routine. Equipment and software Sanfins and Colella-Santos analyzed support abr and software were often used for assessment of speech ABR. Stimulated ear Research shows that there is an asymmetry for the auditory processing of verbal sounds that occur in the brainstem and extend to auditory cortex when evaluating the differences between the responses speech from the presentation of acoustic stimuli on the right and left ears [ 34 , 35 ]. Stimulus The speech ABR assessment allows to apply different types of sound stimulus. Transducer The literature recommends that earphones are brainstem to be used once dissertation device can increase abr chances of artifacts.

Assessment of condition As the traditional ABR assessment, the patients are instructed to keep their bodies relaxed with no movements in abr to minimize the myogenic artifacts. Criteria of normality Before presenting the criteria of normality, it is important to understand dissertation influence of terms maturational process and gender in response to speech ABR. Maturation The response of ABR with nonverbal stimulus is mature support 18 months, while the speech ABR appears to be mature by the age of 5 [ 10 ]. Conditions study in normal adults.