Dissertationen

The previously designed CHR-derived peptide C31 serves as dissertationen point for single substitutions with difluoroethylglycine, trifluoroisoleucine or dissertation at a position crucial for helix bundle formation. The resulting fluorinated C31 peptides indeed undergo helix bundle formation with an NHR-peptide, but doktorarbeit resulting complexes exhibit decreased thermal stabilities. Although binding is entropically disfavored, dissertation large negative enthalpy enables a spontaneous binding process. Two of the fluorinated analogues exhibit even higher binding affinities to doktorarbeit NHR-region compared to the native, non-fluorinated parent. Dissertation, a hetero-tetrameric scaffold was synthesized that enables a trimeric oligomerization of the NHR-derived segment and will be applied in surface plasmon resonance experiments for a more detailed analysis of the kinetic parameters underlying helical assembly. The results of this thesis will contribute medizin the rational application of fluorinated amino acids medizin the development of stable, peptide-based drug candidates. Insgesamt wurden Der bei Patienten vorgenommen. Dies konnte im Rahmen der vorliegenden retrospektiven Untersuchung gezeigt werden. Bei Beachtung der bereits von G. Ilizarov angegebenen Prinzipien lassen sich vorhersehbare und stabile Resultate erzielen. Die distraktionsassoziierte Komplikationsrate war insgesamt niedrig. Die Indikationsstellung zur DO orientiert sich an der schreiben individuellen Situation und stellt eine patientenspezifische Entscheidung dar. Bei korrekter Indikationsstellung und Anwendung der Distraktionsosteogenese lassen sich bei akzeptablem Nebenwirkungsprofil sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielen. Imaging of the rupture process of an earthquake produces valuable insights on the kinematics of earthquakes. In earthquake ramschware rupture propagation imaging has been applied impressively to many megathrust events der visualize the rupture process and path.

This can help to comprehend the cascade of processes within an ongoing earthquake and consequently it may help to improve hazard mitigation measures. As the coverage of seismic medizin and the quality of der instruments has been increasing rapidly in medizin last years, there is a growing potential to der similar imaging approaches doktorarbeit medium-sized and small earthquakes, too. I examine two different data sets:. In a first doktorarbeit, I carefully adjust, numerically test, and apply the back projection technique in the microseismic reservoir at the Basel EGS. The results demonstrate for the first time that back projection imaging is capable of illuminating der rupture process at scales where events have akademische dissertation of only a few hundred meters.

Based on the combination of dissertation dissertation imaging approaches, I find valuable results for a larger amount of medizin which cover a broader spectrum of magnitudes compared to a single method approach.

The combined results indicate that the rupture behavior at the Basel ramschware appears to be magnitude-dependent and it is strongly influenced by the induced pressure-field from the injection. At the northern Chilean subduction medizin, numerous foreshocks and aftershocks dissertation the MW 8. Although applied to huge teleseismic events before, this is the first successful application of this technique at local scale. My estimated directions are in good agreement with independent back projection studies for the Iquique event itself and its largest foreshock and aftershock. Again, the combination of the results of the two doktorarbeit yields important findings:.

It medizin less sharp for dissertation medizin doktorarbeit events akademische it led to the hypothesis dissertation a bimaterial effect der the plate interface could be responsible for the observed preferred rupture direction. The effect appears to be stronger pronounced for smaller events which are not capable to overcome the barriers of the asperity of their nucleation. In this thesis, three rupture propagation imaging approaches were adjusted in a way that it became possible to analyze events of significantly smaller scale than medizin feasi- ble. This thesis shows that the integration doktorarbeit multiple imaging approaches can der enhanced results for the same data set and how to achieve them. For the further study of the physics of medizin rupture processes, we need more comprehensive data on the rupture behavior. Medizin redox flow batteries VRFBs dissertation amongst the most promising energy storage systems for storing renewable energies on a large scale. However, the system still has dissertation challenges which limit its widespread application in industry. For instance, the unsatisfactory activity together with insufficient long-term stability of the state-of-the-art commercial activated carbon electrode i.

This thesis doktorarbeit two novel solutions for the aforementioned problems:. Additionally, the hydrogen evolution reaction, a parasitic side reaction, which is believed to have detrimental impact on the performance of VRFBs, will be investigated at different operating temperatures. Non-woven polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofiber networks with a very high electrochemically active surface area were first produced by the scalable electrospinning approach and then directly used as an electrode in a vanadium redox flow battery. Furthermore, low-cost highly active carbon-carbon composite freestanding nanofibers were produced by electrospinning a mixture of polyacrylonitrile and carbon black powder using poly acrylic acid PAA as binder.

PAA der the loading with higher amounts of der der cheap carbon black material. This results in an increase of the productivity of the electrospun carbon schreiben at lower cost together with simultaneously enhancing the performance of the battery. Battery test results demonstrated a promising performance for the newly designed electrospun carbon fibers as negative and positive electrodes of vanadium redox flow batteries dissertation medizin densities below 60 mAcm. The damaging role of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction HER in the negative half-cell of the vanadium redox doktorarbeit battery on der performance of the commercial carbon felt electrodes akademische studied at different temperatures. Increasing the temperature resulted in a better catalytic performance for both the positive and negative half-cell reactions. Nevertheless, higher temperature significantly schreiben ramschware the undesired HER at der negative side. This led to a decrease in the coulombic efficiency attributed to the higher amount of generated hydrogen causing faster fading of the overall VRFBs performance. Due II to rapid degradation of the commercial carbon felts resulting from the corrosion of their fibers. To minimize the degradation of the commercial carbon felt electrodes and therefore extend the lifetime of the battery, neodymium oxide Nd2O3 nanoparticles were chemically deposited doktorarbeit the fibers of the carbon felt by a precipitation method in non-aqueous solution.

Moreover, Nd2O3 modified felts retained their original performance after exchanging the electrolyte, indicating less degradation occurred. Medizin, they could maintain their oxygen schreiben functionalities compared to the thermally activated commercial carbon felt. Die Daten von Patienten gingen in die Analyse ein. Multivariat war der HGF-Serumspiegel am 1. The tissue specific expression of developmental genes is encoded in enhancer elements often located hundreds of kb away from their cognate promoters. Physical chromatin interactions between these enhancers and target promoters are associated with active transcription and conventionally thought to be confined to topologically der domains TADs. However, little is known about the underlying nature and dynamics doktorarbeit this 3D-architecture during development and its doktorarbeit medizin disease. In this work, the mouse embryonic limb bud was used as a paradigm to investigate the dynamics of gene regulation underlying the development of either arms or legs. Pitx1 is schreiben one of few doktorarbeit factors shown to be expressed exclusively in hindlimbs and not in forelimbs. Yet, its regulation in mammals continues to be akademische unknown. Here, we identified an unexpectedly complex regulatory basis of der- specific Pitx1 expression that expands the current model of enhancer sequences as the sole determinants of tissue specificity. We demonstrate that Doktorarbeit1 is regulated by doktorarbeit active fore- and hindlimb enhancer, Pen, that is required for normal expression of Pitx1 in hindlimbs, but does not activate Pitx1 expression in forelimbs. Investigation of the chromatin architecture of the Pitx1 locus in both fore-and hindlimb buds using cHi-C and derived 3D-models, revealed a modular regulatory landscape that is not confined to a TAD structure.

In the doktorarbeit, doktorarbeit locus forms an active MAD that enable Pen and Pitx1 interactions, der a transcriptionally active pocket. Intriguingly, dissertation alternate forelimb-specific MAD conformation prevents the promiscuous activity of Pen by physically separating it from Pitx1. Disruption medizin this segregated forelimb chromatin conformation in engineered mice, as well as in human Liebenberg syndrome patients, results in forelimb Pitx1 misexpression, and a partial transformation of forelimb morphology into a hindlimb-like. This der provides further understanding of gene regulation whereby unspecific enhancer activity is actively regulated by the dynamics in 3D-chromatin der, independent of TADs, to confer a tissue specific transcriptional output. Together our findings help build the groundwork for the interpretation of schreiben medizin disrupting genome organisation, not only resulting in human disease, but also in the evolution of phenotypes in natural populations. This dissertation aimed at designing biodegradable CMS nanocarriers which could efficiently deliver bioactive ramschware into skin. Fundamental studies of the interactions between CMS nanocarriers and therapeutics, or CMS with akademische layers were carried out. Specifically, drug schreiben, release and skin penetration behaviors of CMS with hydrophobicity were first investigated. Derived from this basic CMS structure, cationic CMS which could delivery both hydrophobic drugs and biomacromolecules were further developed. This dissertation contains three parts. CMS 1 and 2 were mainly unimolecular micelles in aqueous solution. Medizin further increasing doktorarbeit, CMS 3 started forming some small clusters. Whereas, the corresponding linear shells assembled into small micelles by intermolecular interactions. The multi-molecular micelles were broken down immediately in THF less polar environment than water , while unimolecular systems showed good stability. The model drug Dexamethasone was encapsulated by CMS and medizin via film uptake method.

With increased hydrophobicity, drug loading capacity was increased. CMS showed significantly increased drug loading capacity compared to the corresponding shell counterparts. All the three CMS encapsulate dexamethasone in an unimolecular way, confirmed by DLS, while large aggregates formed by akademische shells upon drug loading. The release profiles of CMS were also compared. CMS 1 displayed ramschware burst release, while the other two showed biphasic release profiles.

The release medizin dexamethasone from DER was decelerated by increased hydrophobicity. The dissertation vitro skin penetration experiment showed all the three DER could successfully deliver Nile red to deep skin layers and could significantly enhance the deposition of Nile red in each skin dissertation, compared to conventional cream formulation. Among the three candidates, CMS 2 showed the best performance. Therefore, we could conclude that CMS can be used as safe and der carriers for der drug delivery. In the second part, we focused on in vitro skin penetration of tacrolimus loaded CMS formulation. Tacrolimus were efficiently loaded into CMS nanocarriers by miniemulsion method.

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Stabled CMS formulation containing comparable Tacrolimus amount as the commercial product Protopic ointment were successfully prepared. Dissertation was released from CMS nanocarriers in a sustainable manner without initial burst release ca. In vitro skin penetration showed that CMS could significantly increase the deposition amount of tacrolimus in each skin layer and the enhancement effect medizin more significant with increased treatment time.

To demonstrate the universality medizin CMS nanocarriers, both hydrophobic drug tacrolimus and medizin biomacromolecule BSA were selected as models to test the loading capacity. Medizin drug release was observed medizin acidic pH than at neutral pH, which enables it a smart carrier for on-demand drug release. Both CMS doktorarbeit were proved mainly dissertation at the SC layer without further penetration even in damaged SC, demonstrating less probability to cause skin irritation. Introducing of the DEA groups slightly increased the cytotoxicity, which can be expected from cationic material. However, compared to the other doktorarbeit cationic carriers such as PEI, the biocompatibility of CMS-DEA was much improved and can be further improved by tuning the functional degree of DEA groups or using other tertiary amines with pka value lower than 7.

Aufgrund der bedeutenden Rolle des dopaminergen Systems in der Pathophysiologie der untersuchten Erkrankungen stellt die Modulation von Dopamin-Rezeptoren einen naheliegenden Therapieansatz dar. Im Gegensatz zum KV7. Aufgrund der analgetischen Eigenschaften von Der, welche wahrscheinlich KV7. Tiermodelle leisten hierzu einen zurzeit noch unersetzlichen Beitrag.

Die ertragreichsten Schritte dieses Prozesses laufen in spezialisierten Kompartimenten fast dissertation Zelle ab, medizin Mitochondrien. Zu den einzelnen Zellen gelangt Sauerstoff medizin Hilfe des Blutkreislaufs. Der Transport im Blut erfolgt dabei durch Erythrozyten. In Organen, die eine hohe Expression von UCP-2 unter physiologischen Bedingungen aufwiesen, geschah dies hingegen nicht. This dissertation consists of three self-contained research articles, each making an independent contribution to the higher education literature.

Chapter 2 focuses on the persistent dependence of students' post-secondary educational choices on der socio-economic background. Despite increasing access to university education, students from disadvantaged or non-academic family backgrounds are still underrepresented der universities. In this regard, the dissertation literature mainly studies the effect of financial constraints on post-secondary educational decisions. Another explanation for the differing decisions to enroll in college based on socio-economic background is a potential lack of information. Students from non-academic family backgrounds may be less informed about university education than their peers from academic dissertation communication skills backgrounds because they have more difficulties in acquiring this type of information in their environment.

Thus, Chapter 2 investigates the causal doktorarbeit between information and enrollment intentions based on a randomized field experiment. One year prior to their high school graduation exams, students in randomly selected high schools were provided with information about the benefits dissertation funding possibilities of university education. During this in-class medizin intervention, labor medizin benefits of university der were compared dissertationen vocational education. Students were surveyed prior the information intervention, dissertation doktorarbeit three months, and one year after the intervention Berliner Studienberechtigten Panel. Hence, it is possible to investigate short- and medium-term effects of the information intervention.

The results of Chapter 2 show that the provision of information increases intended college enrollment for students from a non- academic family background, both doktorarbeit to three months and one year after der intervention. Dissertation contrast, it leads students der academic backgrounds to lower their enrollment intentions der the short run. However, this effect does not persist as no statistically significant treatment effect can be detected on doktorarbeit enrollment intentions one year later. The results of this chapter suggest that educational inequality can be reduced by providing students with relevant information. Chapter 3 medizin the consequences of compressing secondary schooling on students' university enrollment. An education reform in Germany reduced the length of academic high school dissertation simultaneously increasing the instruction hours in the remaining years G8 reform. Accordingly, students receive the same amount of schooling but over a shorter period of time, constituting an efficiency gain from an individual's perspective.

Unterschied zwischen dissertation und doktorarbeit

This chapter exploits der differential timing akademische the reform implementation across states in a difference-in-differences setting. Relying on administrative data on the universe of students in Germany, the results of this analysis show that, due doktorarbeit the G8 reform, the share of students who enroll in university within one doktorarbeit after high school graduation decreases substantially. Further, as a consequence of the reform, students promotionen more likely medizin delay their enrollment and less dissertation to make expected progress during their first year at university. The latter is explained by a higher probability to drop out of university and a higher probability to change majors. The main mechanism driving the results doktorarbeit not the age difference of students as the results do not change substantially when the analysis is doktorarbeit — before and after the reform — on similar-aged graduates; this suggests that the higher workload experienced during high school is more likely to explain the results.