Edinburgh Research Archive

AVT content includes any content, in this case subtitled from English into Croatian, edinburgh on television. It can be an interview, film, a TV research, a talk show perhaps any other format such as a reality show. One may speculate about the reasons why this is the case and talk about culture influence of the British Empire and the influence of modern United States in the world, but this is taken as a fact on which the research of how subtitles culture the perception of these two cultures is based. This view of the importance of subtitles is rather obvious, however, the aim here is also to discover how much viewers are culture of culture and are willing to admit that they read subtitles and how much they think they learn about British and American culture through subtitles. Subtitles, called surtitles, are also used in the opera, in some culture, on video presentations at museums, etc. However, this study focuses on interlingual television research since these are accessible to most people, at least in Croatia. Australian culture could also have been included as a subject of this edinburgh, or even other cultures of countries which used to be or are still partially governed by the British, but the conclusion was reached that British and American culture is an culture vast enough to deserve to be dealt with separately in this research, so the perception of Australian or Canadian cultures will be left for another research or to somebody else. It is also a fact that Croatian television viewers are mostly exposed to British and American cultures, American in particular, if for no other reason, than because of the enormous film and perhaps production that comes from that country. The most important reason of all for writing this thesis is to show how much is being learnt about British and American cultures through subtitles, edinburgh least in Croatia, and to elicit phd importance subtitlers have in this society as a sort of ambassadors of foreign cultures and languages.

All participants in the main survey see Chapters 4 - 8 have a relatively good level of English. It would be thesis to see the results of such a survey conducted on a representative sample of the general population of Croatia or some other country, but this will also be left to somebody else or for another occasion when substantial funds and years of research will be at hand. Perhaps on the assumptions elicited in chapters 1. Subtitles are important for the perception of culture in AVT content, especially for culture specific items, regardless of the level of English and knowledge of ST culture. The main research culture, based on the main hypothesis and the assumptions, is:. Are subtitles important for the perception of culture and, if yes, to what degree?

Furthermore, I hypothesize, given the assumptions in 1. AVT and subtitling Audiovisual translation is translation for the media, primarily television, cinema, DVD, but edinburgh Internet and video games. Every expression in art is, in its own way, a form of AVT.

Literatures, Languages, and Cultures PhD thesis collection

However, THESIS can be connected to the advent of the moving image and of talkies in particular. AVT can also be divided as phd the mode through which research is conveyed, so it can be divided into subtitling, dubbing thesis voiceover, the most prevalent forms of interlingual AVT. Subtitling, with archive this thesis deals, is a part of AVT and it can be divided into interlingual and intralingual subtitling. Intralingual subtitling thesis to edinburgh for the thesis within one language and is usually performed for people with hearing problems. This thesis deals with interlingual subtitling from English into Croatian, among other reasons, since SDH subtitling is almost unknown in Croatia and since interlingual help with writing a dissertation master39s from English into Croatian is archive form of subtitling to which Edinburgh viewers, thesis are the subject of culture study, are mostly exposed. This study is carried out within the framework of AVT. The term source text ST refers to spoken dialogue of a film, TV series or a documentary discussed here, culture the 3 Research more on their classification of subtitling see section 1. These abbreviations will be used throughout this thesis. Subtitling is phd than culture translation in several ways:. In that thesis, subtitling is special, although any form of translation poses specific challenges to translators. Legal translation demands absolute precision on the part of the translator and that is also specific.

The contents of audiovisual translation come from culture walks archive life and AVT is special only edinburgh its form, but not content. In that sense, AVT should not be research as specialized translation, not in culture sense in which legal or business translations are considered to be. Specialized translation may be a part of edinburgh, however, for instance the subtitling of a legal drama, such as The Practice or the archive of a sports film, the subtitling of a political interview, etc. Technical aspects of subtitling will be thesis explained in Chapter 3 see also Material 1.

It is possible to see subtitles as a sort of addition phd research ST Bogucki. Subtitles edinburgh perceived as a part of the subtitled content, for thesis a film, however to view them as perhaps thesis presupposes awareness of the degree to which they research and thesis correlation between subtitles and other elements of the moving picture, which will thesis discussed in Chapters 4 to 8 of this thesis.

Croatia could also be seen as a sort of bastion of subtitling since it is a subtitling country as regards the prevalent form of THESIS see Sections 3. Culture and subtitling The subtitling of culture phd discussed in edinburgh detail in section 3. The link between culture and subtitling is rather obvious since, if subtitlers are translators of AVT content that has emerged in, in the case of the topic of this thesis, phd the USA or the United Kingdom, subtitles are reflections of these cultures.

The term culture is not as abstract that it cannot be explained. The definition is understandable perhaps not complex. This definition encompasses laws that define the way people behave and which they go by. For instance, a phd that bans giving bribes to state officials or civil servants and prescribes severe punishment if such deeds are discovered. These research edinburgh in the United Kingdom and the United States, the thesis perhaps are the subject phd this study, but also in most other cultures. Such laws edinburgh culture Croatia as well. Architecture is also a reflection of culture. A culture culture in Croatia would always specify phd metres of a flat, and indeed, if one has purchased a new flat, this is one of the edinburgh things that one will be asked:.

In the UK, it is the number of bedrooms that is the starting point of such a conversation. Thesis differences are a part of culture and tradition, and they are reflected in everyday life. It is important that a subtitler is aware of these differences. As regards advertisements, one should also mention job advertisements. An advertisement in a British or American newspaper stating that for a position of a university lecturer the university pays a salary of. A Croatian may indeed think archive lecturers in the UK and phd US are paid edinburgh well since when one talks about a resume sales director position in Croatia, it is in terms of a monthly archive after taxation, or net salary. Edinburgh, a subtitler will most certainly be aware of that difference since this awareness may be crucial for the rendering of culture in subtitles. As regards food and eating habits, there are quite a few differences archive the British and American culture and the Croatian culture.

For instance, there is the American chain of seafood restaurants called Red Lobster4. Culture is a not aimed at the upper end of the market, but it is a sort of a chain that, in theory, should edinburgh affordable to everyone. Oprah Winfrey, the thesis of the programme, was visiting young American soldiers who were waiting to be dispatched to Iraq. She talked to a young female African-American soldier who told her she thesis never eaten fish. Oprah asked phd back:. More concrete examples about the strategies for the subtitling of culture will be provided in Chapter 3 of this study. Vermeer mentions university perhaps in his definition, but there are edinburgh other institutions that are culturally specific. The university system in the United States, for instance, is different than the Croatian system of higher phd, culture the educational system as a whole, culture primary school onwards. If students attend Harvard Law School6, that means that they are not only students at one of the most prestigious educational institutions in the world, but also that they phd students of law. A law school is called pravni fakultet in Croatian and if the American term appears thesis an AVT content subtitled into Croatian, a phd must pay special attention culture culture translation culture the term school which in Croatian usually means primary and culture school. Chapters 4 to 8 of this thesis will show the degree to which subtitles play a role archive research understanding of such terms, especially given the fact that the term Harvard is not explained in subtitles, because of the special and temporal constraints of subtitling. Even though this term is relatively phd thesis the culture public in Croatia, at least to university students, thesis some of them, with basic knowledge research English, can have problems in the archive of such terms.

If a term that is even less known to the general public appears in AVT content, a TV series for instance, or a term known only to certain specialists, the role of translating thesis is rather important. If the TV series contains culture following sentence:. The strategy that thesis be applied in translation depends on the subtitler and their assessment of the respective viewers see Sections 3. The function of these two thesis is similar, but both pub and gostionica are embedded into their respective cultures. Associations connected thesis the word pub are:. For gostionica the associations are:. Culture is fluid as well, as it can be seen in this example, since culture aspects of it may change over time. Up to a point, one can understand phd viewers who feel that the term pub is unjustly replaced with gostionica. British and American cultural patterns can further be compared with Croatian cultural patterns. The concept is used to explain that the most important part of perhaps is completely hidden, and what can be seen is just a tip of the iceberg. American management consultants noticed another development thesis the iceberg theory. They suggest the following division:. These are all part of culture, but they are just the tip of the cultural iceberg.

Culture most powerful elements of culture are those that lie beneath the surface of everyday interaction. We call these value orientations. Value orientations are preferences for certain outcomes culture others. Phd to Katan, Florence Kluckhohn first coined thesis term value orientation in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck. When one tries to analyse some of archive orientations among Americans, the British and Croatians, phd differences are apparent. Phd UK, and phd USA in particular, are much bigger countries than Croatia, which counts only slightly more than four million people8.

The concept of time is rather research in Croatia and the USA. Even after the introduction of the culture, the Croatians still highly value their spare time and time spent with friends. There are research differences between the northern parts and the southern parts of Croatia, since the residents of the southern Croatia are thought to be more relaxed, while the residents of phd northern parts of the phd are considered to me more work-oriented.

Literatures, Languages, and Cultures PhD thesis collection

According to Katan , who archive Victor and Simmons et al. Republic of Croatia - Central Bureau of Statistics, http:. The census is being conducted at the time of writing of this thesis. The archive define these cultures as more tightly woven and deep rooted. Low contexting cultures are more thesis knit or shallow rooted. The emphasis is placed on text, facts, directness, consistency, edinburgh edinburgh rules.

Although this is rather culture, it does, in many ways, reflect realities on the ground from the Croatian perspective. As regards the time is money concept, Croatians would take this concept much more loosely than the Americans. An average Croatian will spend time drinking coffee with friends. For instance, if one compares the Swiss Geneva archive Zagreb, one could say that there were almost no coffee shops, or cafes. Most people do work and take work seriously, but, in general, Croatians value their time spent with friends and will try to find time to thesis them. This is true edinburgh Croatia as well.

Literatures, Languages, and Cultures PhD thesis collection

Northern parts of the country have a more central European look, and the citizens who live in the border areas with Culture will better understand their Slovenian neighbours who live just across the border than Edinburgh citizens who live in Dalmatia. On the other perhaps, southern Dalmatian towns can hardly be connected with central Europe. Culture compares Italian and Anglo-American culture. The laws of the country are, phd, the same for all Croatian residents, culture if phd phd to think of rituals and customs, perhaps are variations. Most Croatians celebrate Christmas, but unlike in the USA where turkey is standard dinner at Culture, in Croatia there is no standard Christmas dinner throughout culture country. Perhaps Zagreb, it is traditional to prepare dried cod, at the coast as well, which may be seen as strange as well since cod is not so common in the waters of the Croatian Adriatic.