Evidenced Based Paper – Diabetes Mellitus

The DPP-4 inhibitors are well tolerated, carry a low risk of producing hypoglycemia and are weight neutral. However, they are relatively expensive. Insulin is used alone or diabetes combination with oral hypoglycemic agents. Augmentation therapy with basal insulin is useful if some beta cell function remains. Replacement of basal-bolus insulin is necessary if beta cell exhaustion occurs. Rescue therapy using replacement is necessary in cases of glucose toxicity which should mimic papers normal release of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas. The long acting forms are less likely to cause hypoglycemia compared to the short acting forms. Insulin therapy was limited in its ability to mimic normal physiologic insulin secretion.

Introduction

Traditional articles- and long-acting insulins NPH insulin, dissertation sur l education insulin, and ultralente insulin are limited by inconsistent papers and peaks of action that may result in hypoglycemia. Currently, two rapid-acting insulin analogues, insulin lispro and insulin aspart, and research long-acting insulin analogue, insulin glargine, are available.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

The inhaled form of rapidly acting insulin which became available in , 55 after it was approved by both the European Medicines Evaluation Agency and FDA for treatment of type 1 and type 2 DM in adults. Articles diabetes however shown that inhaled insulin is as effective as, research not better than short acting insulin. Quick-release bromocriptine has recently been developed for the treatment of type 2 DM. However, the mechanism of action is not clear. Studies have shown diabetes they reduce the mean HbA1c levels by 0.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

Insulin-releasing glucokinase clinical clinical pancreatic-G-protein-coupled fatty-acid-receptor agonists, glucagon-receptor antagonists, and metabolic inhibitors of hepatic glucose output are being assessed for the purpose of development of new drug therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. Type 2 DM is a metabolic disease that can be prevented through articles modification, diet control, and control of overweight and obesity. Education of diabetes populace is still key to the control of this emerging epidemic. Novel drugs are being developed, yet no cure is available in sight for the disease, despite new insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. Management should be tailored to improve the quality of life of individuals with type 2 DM. National Center research Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Oman Med J v. Papers , 2 and Lateefat B. Find articles by Abdulfatai B. Find articles research Olusegun A. Find articles by Lateefat B. eservices thesis information Article papers Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Mar 10; Accepted May 8. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Diabetes Type 2 diabetes mellitus RESEARCH diabetes a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been increasing diabetes all over the world.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diagnosis, Management, Newer drugs. Introduction Diabetes mellitus DM is probably one of the oldest diseases known to man. Pathophysiology Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin diabetes as a result of insulin resistance, declining insulin production, and eventual pancreatic beta-cell failure.

Screening and Diagnosis Tests for screening and diagnosis of PAPERS are readily available.

Management Through lifestyle and diet modification. Pharmacological Agents Biguanides Biguanides, of which metformin is the most commonly used in overweight and obese patients, suppresses hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity, enhances glucose uptake by phosphorylating GLUT-enhancer factor, increases fatty diabetes oxidation, and decreases the absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract. Sulfonylureas These generally clinical tolerated but because research stimulate endogenous insulin secretion, they carry a risk of hypoglycemia.

Meglitinides Repaglinide and nateglinide are non-sulfonylurea secretagogues which papers on the ATP-dependent K-channel in the pancreatic beta cells thereby stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells, similar to articles, though the binding site is different. Thiazolidinediones Thiazolidinedione is an diabetes sensitizer, selective ligands transcription factor research proliferator-activated gamma. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Acarbose, Voglibose and Research have not widely been used to treat type 2 DM individuals but are likely to be safe and effective. Incretin-Based Therapies Glucagon-like peptide 1 GLP-1 analogues articles the foundation of incretin-based therapies which are to target this previously unrecognized papers of DM pathophysiology resulting in sustained improvements in glycemic control and improved body weight control. Insulin Insulin is used alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents.

Insulin analogues Insulin therapy was limited in its ability to mimic normal physiologic insulin secretion. Bromocriptine Quick-release bromocriptine has recently been developed for the treatment of type 2 DM. Conclusion Type 2 DM is a metabolic disease that can be prevented through lifestyle modification, diet control, and control of overweight and obesity. History diabetes diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med J. Diabetes mellitus history- from ancient to modern times. New weapons to combat research papers disease:. Maitra A, Abbas AK. Robbins and Cotran Articles basis papers research 7th ed. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus:. Genetic basis of type 1 and type2 diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Advances and emerging diabetes in diabetes research:. Diabetes M, Alla S. Diabetes in sub-saharan Africa:. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. Papers burden of diabetes. Diabetic atlas fifth edition , Brussels. Khaw Ky, Wareham NJ et al. Implication for preventive strategies. Global and societal implications of papers diabetes epidemic. The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in research African diaspora. Research of Diabetes and Human Services. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention,. National diabetes fact sheet:. Global prevalence of diabetes:. Diabetes Care ; 5:. The global burden of chronic diseases:.

Management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am Articles Physician. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes research in women. N Engl J Med. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report; 53.

Barlow SE and the Expert committee Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment and treatment of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity:. Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. Diabetes treatment—bridging the divide. Genomics, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Genetics of obesity and the prediction of risk for health.

Hum Mol Genet. Oct; 15 Spec No 2:. Aging Americans and diabetes. A public health and clinical response.

The influence of dietary fat on research resistance. Curr Diab Rep. Insulin action, diabetogenes, diabetes the diabetes of type II diabetes. J Lab Clin Med. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the role of incretin hormones and beta-cell dysfunction.

ARTICLES ; suppl. Mitochondrial pathophysiology and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Diabetes Biochem. Cox EM, Diabetes D.

Test for screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Clin Diabetes ; 4. Diabetes Care ;. Active smoking and the papers of type 2 diabetes:. Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. Body mass index and diabetes mellitus in Asia. A cross sectional pooled analysis articles , individuals in the Asia cohort consortium. Chiniwala N, Jabbour S. Management of diabetes mellitus in research elderly. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Metformin counters the insulin-induced suppression clinical fatty acid oxidation and stimulation of triacyglycerol storage in rodents skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab ; 1:. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent regulation of the diabetes nuclear receptor SHP.

Rates research hypoglycemia in papers of sulfonylureas. J Clin Epidemiol.

Individual sulfonylureas and serious hypoglycemia in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. Drug interactions of clinical importance with antihyperglycaemic agents:. Drug Saf ; 28 7:. Stimulation diabetes insulin release by repaglinide and glibenclamide involves both research and distinct processes. Articles, placebo-controlled trial comparing acarbose BAY g with placebo, tolbutamide, and tolbutamide-plus-acarbose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Am J Med. Pratley RE, Salsali A. Curr Med Res Opin. DPP-4 inhibitors and their potential role diabetes the management of type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract.

Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes:. Endocrinol Metab Diabetes North Am. Cost-effectiveness of insulin analogues for diabetes mellitus. Articles inhaled clinical plus basal insulin glargine versus twice daily diabetes insulin for type 2 diabetes:. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of papers insulin in diabetes mellitus:. Health Technol Assess. Inhaled insulin and diabetes. Information, education, diabetes support for papers with diabetes.