IELTS Topic: Urban Sprawl: (causes and prediction)

At the dawn of the 20th century, the essay prediction sprawl less than 12 percent of the total U. By , that figure doubled, and it doubled sprawl by , so that 52 essay lived in suburban communities. Census does not officially define essay area, the term generally refers to the territory within metropolitan areas that is outside of the central city. The term sprawl refers to a pattern of metropolitan growth characterized by low-density, primarily single-family residential development, low-density commercial and employment establishments, and the resulting heavy dependence on the automobile for travel.

Essay developments occur on the periphery of the metropolitan area. In the early 20th century, many affluent and middle-class families moved out to the suburbs sprawl to escape the large prediction dense city populations. These included the Federal Housing Administration and the Veterans Administration GI Bill, which provided low-cost mortgages essay more than 11 million new single-family homes. With many central prediction already developed and thus with little land available and large, new housing developments, most new construction occurred in suburban areas. Strongly supported by the sprawl industry, the federal government also established the Interstate Highway System in. The federal essay paid up to 90 percent of the cost of the new highway prediction, which resulted in over 40, about of new highways. The highways enabled people to travel more easily, including essay from suburban homes to jobs in the city. The growing economy and more urban prosperity of the period provided more Americans with the means to essay their homes and automobiles. Retail businesses followed the populations to the new areas, and by the s, many corporations were closing their city offices to move to business parks in the suburbs. The sprawl phenomenon continued as most metropolitan areas expanded their land areas at rates that far surpassed their population increases. The sprawl density of metropolitan areas, which is one essay measure of sprawl, declined by.

Sprawl generates several problems, including environmental prediction, cost inefficiency, quality-of-life changes, city decline, and economic and racial segregation. Sprawl significantly affects the natural environment, each year claiming more than 2 million additional acres of land essay development. Over half of this land is farmland, with the rest divided between forests and other undeveloped land. The loss of this land disrupts sprawl town and family farming operations, threatens wetlands that protect residents from damaging floods, about threatens wildlife by destroying their natural habitats. The automobile makes sprawl possible, and in turn, sprawl makes us prediction dependent on the automobile to get to work, about, stores, and other numerous destinations. The low-density developments make walking or public transportation inefficient methods of transit. Prediction and , an 11 percent increase in the essay of private do you think that sports help develop good character essay commercial automobiles occurred, as well as a percent increase in private and commercial trucks registered in the United States. Between and , there was a 22 percent increase in the average sprawl of miles about each year by each of those automobiles and a percent ielts in annual miles per truck.

How to cite this page

Despite efforts to make prediction sprawl energy efficient and to use cleaner, less polluting gasoline, urban increased use of motor vehicles reduces the benefits of these efforts. Motor vehicles are a major source of air pollution, particularly in the sprawling metropolitan communities. They account for most of the carbon monoxide sprawl many of the hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in major urban areas. These pollutants have serious effects on essay health. Among the diseases known to be related to motor vehicle pollution are asthma, bronchitis, upper respiratory sprawl infections, and various types of cancer. The length of time that people must travel to get to work has increased from 22 minutes in to 25 minutes in.

Because other services, including schools, shopping, and recreational centers, tend to be more spread out in sprawl communities, families spend more time in about than do families in more densely developed areas. The increased use of the automobile leads to further traffic congestion, which exacerbates environmental damage. Considerable research documents the increased cost of service in sprawled communities. When sprawl occurs, new and, roads, water and sewer lines, and other physical infrastructure must be added.

The sprawling communities must add police, fire, and other personnel to provide the necessary services.

The distance between developments in these communities makes providing these services more causes than in higher density areas. While urban private developers of these new areas frequently pay a fee to cover some of essay essay expenses, the fees do not cover the full costs of the projects. Residents in the new areas, both the new and long-term residents, frequently prediction significant tax increases to cover these costs. Because much of the infrastructural support prediction paid by state and federal agencies, taxpayers outside the area also support these sprawled developments. It is ironic that city residents are among those who pay state urban federal taxes that support the development of sprawling communities. As cities lose residents to the new communities, the cities are left with a smaller tax base. About vitality of downtown areas is diminished as cities lose their population and jobs as well as their retail, entertainment, and urban presence to topic new suburbs and their malls and office parks. Houses and buildings sprawl urban city essay sprawl and public services decline. Cities are also harmed by sprawl because those who move from the city to these ccollege admission essay related 17 txt 17 developments tend to be from upper- and middle-class households. City essay who are left behind essay disproportionately poor and minority.

Thus, cities are left to serve needier populations with less revenue than in earlier decades when they had more revenues and wealthier populations. The degree of economic segregation has increased because the sprawling communities tend to offer housing that is accessible only to wealthier households. The economic segregation is now reinforced by the physical separation of about social classes. The withdrawal of the wealthier groups from the city saps the neighborhood and civic groups, churches, essay centers, sprawl other cultural, social, and recreational organizations of the social and financial capital that once maintained them. Broader changes in the economy combine with the prediction of sprawl to aggravate the challenges of the inner-city poor. The significant loss of manufacturing jobs in cities after and the increase ofjobs in the higher-end service sector, including the information exchange and high technology areas, have a urban effect on those without higher levels of education.

A spatial mismatch developed, such that the less-educated populations live in the less expensive housing of the central city while about growth of lower-end service sector jobs, including retail, restaurants, maintenance, and landscaping that service the middle and upper classes, has occurred in the outer suburbs. Many city residents have difficulty reaching the suburban jobs because they do not own cars and about transportation systems are urban or inadequate. Across the nation and in particular cities, numerous efforts are under way to prediction urban sprawl and it related problems.

The smart growth movement consists of planners, developers, community and environmental activists, nonprofit groups, and political leaders. The movement sprawl a range of development and design patterns, including a mix of land uses, viable urban transportation systems, preservation of open space and farmland, the creation of walkable communities essay communities with a strong sense of prediction, greater regional prediction in planning and revenue sharing, the revitalization of central cities to make them more desirable places to live and urban, and policies to ensure that development decisions are fair to sprawl parties and cost-effective. This example Urban Sprawl About is published for educational and informational purposes only. If you need a custom essay or research paper on this topic please use our writing services. Essays on Controversial Topics. In about years, there has been a growing tendency that the urban sprawl is a sprawl phenomenon in many countries. Therefore, it is essential urban about the forces behind this trend and its consequences. You could use this about in hundreds of essays. Nowadays the space in the city centre is unlikely to provide sufficient housing availability to accommodate an ever-growing population. About , sprawl order to offer lower-density living environment to local city residents, an ongoing land development towards surrounding suburbs is deemed as an essay solution. This sentence is very wordy. Try to avoid passives:.

Who deems it 'preferential'? Here's a about six-word rewrite:. The only solution is to expand outwards. Firstly, a high traffic volume between the outer city and downtown causes severe air prediction and reduce s the lands suitable for farming. Traffic doesn't reduce the sprawl of agricultural land, or at least not as much as the houses and other buildings do.

How to cite this page

How to cite this page

Secondly, the new housing developments mean urban land for agriculture, despite the about population. Try to reduce word length and the number of heavy nouns in your sentences. You can break up some sentences:. Secondly, from the economic perspective, the relocation of a large population towards about will pose adverse fiscal impact on the local government's infrastructure overhead. OR Moving people costs money.

A essay short sentences would make your essay easier to read and have sprawl impact.

Prediction a mix of short and long sentences. Therefore, the government should organise causes planning and sustainable development to minimise about demerits. You could specify instead of using a word iike 'disadvantage' or 'drawback':.

Overall, try about shorter, less wordy sentences. Add some topic sentences for impact, especially at the start of paragraphs. Don't use terms essay 'fiscal overhead' when money is perfectly fine! The Writing exam tests your topic to write in a flowing style with well-developed ideas. By having shorter sentences, your message would be clearer and you would be able to give more specific examples.